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Russian foreign trade after four months of war in Ukraine
(09.09.2022)
BOFIT Policy Brief 5/2022
BOFIT Policy Brief 5/2022
This brief examines the development of Russia’s trade flows in the March-June period following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Russia ceased publication of foreign trade statistics after the war broke out, so we utilize the ...
Trade sanctions and Russian production
(10.05.2022)
BOFIT Policy Brief 4/2022
BOFIT Policy Brief 4/2022
The EU, US and several other countries have responded with a wide range of new economic sanctions on Russia in response to the military attack on Ukraine. These sanctions include various restrictive measures on trade with ...
Russia’s oil & gas sector in global energy transition
(25.05.2021)
BOFIT Policy Brief 7/2021
BOFIT Policy Brief 7/2021
The past two decades have witnessed a major transformation of global energy markets. While growth in energy demand now comes from emerging economies, and technologies critical to oil and natural gas production have seen ...
Made in Russia? Assessing Russia’s potential for import substitution
(05.05.2022)
BOFIT Policy Brief 3/2022
BOFIT Policy Brief 3/2022
Russia’s brutal military aggression on Ukraine has led to extensive economic sanctions by Western countries and the withdrawal of many foreign companies from Russian markets. The isolation of Russia from the international ...
How far is China from hitting its climate targets? – An overview of China’s energy sector
(16.02.2021)
BOFIT Policy Brief 4/2021
BOFIT Policy Brief 4/2021
China is by far the world’s largest consumer of primary energy. Its vast energy demands are a leading issue for global energy use, driving pollution trends and prices on commodity markets. Despite huge increases in non-fossil ...
Venäjän öljy- ja kaasusektori globaalien energiamarkkinoiden murroksessa
(26.03.2021)
BOFIT Policy Brief 6/2021
BOFIT Policy Brief 6/2021
Globaalit energiamarkkinat ovat olleet murroksessa koko 2000-luvun. Viimeisen kahdenkymmenen vuoden aikana energian kysynnän kasvu on siirtynyt voimakkaasti nouseviin talouksiin samalla kun öljyn ja maakaasun tuotantoteknologiat ...