Haku
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The risk-taking channel of monetary policy in the US : Evidence from corporate loan data
(07.08.2017)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 18/2017
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 18/2017
To study the presence of a risk-taking channel in the US, we build a comprehensive dataset from the syndicated corporate loan market and measure monetary policy using different measures, most notably Taylor (1993) and Romer ...
Bond finance, bank credit, and aggregate fluctuations in an open economy
(05.08.2016)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 22/2016
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 22/2016
Corporate sectors in emerging markets have noticeably increased their reliance on foreign financing, presumably reflecting low global interest rates. The evidence also shows a rebalancing from bank loans towards bonds. To ...
Model-based regulation and firms' access to finance
(15.02.2019)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 4/2019
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 4/2019
This paper investigates the impact of the model-based approach to bank capital regulation (i.e. the Internal Ratings Based Approach; IRBA) on firms' access to finance. A difference-in-differences methodology is used given ...
Uncertainty shocks and firm dynamics : Search and monitoring in the credit market
(23.11.2017)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 34/2017
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 34/2017
We develop a business cycle model with gross flows of firm creation and destruction.The credit market is characterized by two frictions. First,entrepreneurs undergo a costly search for intermediate funding to create a firm. ...
Who funds zombie firms : banks or non-banks?
(09.02.2023)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 2/2023
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 2/2023
Analyses of zombie firms have emphasised the role of bank financing as the reason for zombie survival. This conclusion was made despite no comparative analysis of the sources of external finance for zombie firms. This paper ...
Central bank collateral policy and credit pricing : evidence from Finland
(15.07.2024)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 7/2024
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 7/2024
We study the effect of collateral eligibility of corporate loans on the pricing of these loans by banks in Finland. Specifically, we investigate whether loans that are pledgeable as collateral for central bank borrowing ...
Effect of the countercyclical capital buffer on firm loans : Evidence from Germany
(27.08.2025)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 8/2025
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 8/2025
We use confidential loan-level data from the European Central Bank to investigate how changes in the countercyclical capital buffer requirement in Germany affect lending to firms. We find evidence showing that tightening ...
Estate owners' ensemble : Mapping commercial real estate concentration using Finnish firm ownership
(09.12.2025)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 12/2025
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 12/2025
The commercial real estate (CRE) market is an important source of financial stability risks, yet ownership structures remain opaque. This paper uses comprehensive Finnish register data to construct firm-level ownership ...







