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Heterogeneous responses to monetary policy : the role of floating rate loans
(26.08.2025)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 7/2025
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 7/2025
This study examines the floating rate channel—a mechanism through which monetary policy affects firms’ investment and credit demand based on their exposure to variable rate loans. Using a granular loan-level dataset from ...
Estate owners' ensemble : Mapping commercial real estate concentration using Finnish firm ownership
(09.12.2025)
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 12/2025
Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 12/2025
The commercial real estate (CRE) market is an important source of financial stability risks, yet ownership structures remain opaque. This paper uses comprehensive Finnish register data to construct firm-level ownership ...

