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Optimal bank capital requirements : What do the macroeconomic models say?
(29.04.2022)
BoF Economics Review 2/2022
BoF Economics Review 2/2022
The optimal level of banks’ capital requirements has been a key research topic since at least the introduction of the Basel rules in the late 1980s. In this paper, we review the literature, focusing on recent findings from ...
Competition and regulation in the Finnish ATM industry
(14.10.2021)
BoF Economics Review 8/2021
BoF Economics Review 8/2021
Declining ATM numbers pose a challenge for competition policy and financial regulatory authorities. In this report we review the Finnish experience of regulating the competition in the ATM industry. To analyze the Finnish ...
Banking crisis prediction with differenced relative credit
(06.06.2019)
BoF Economics Review 4/2019
BoF Economics Review 4/2019
Indicators based on the ratio of credit to GDP have been found to be highly useful predictors of banking crises. We study the difference in this ratio as an early warning indicator. We test a large number of different ...
Cross-border loan portfolio diversification, capital requirements, and the European Banking Union
(28.05.2019)
BoF Economics Review 3/2019
BoF Economics Review 3/2019
We provide preliminary evidence of potential risk reduction benefits from banks’ loan portfolio diversification cross-border within the Euro area. Using aggregate data on banking sector cor-porate loan losses for each Euro ...
Instant payments as a new normal : Case study of liquidity impacts for the Finnish market
(12.10.2021)
BoF Economics Review 7/2021
BoF Economics Review 7/2021
The amount of central bank money, or liquidity, needed to settle payments, depends on the way the settlement is organized. It is largest when payments are settled individually on gross basis and smallest with settlement ...
Constructing a composite indicator to assess cyclical systemic risks : An early warning approach
(02.04.2024)
BoF Economics Review 3/2024
BoF Economics Review 3/2024
The main contribution of this paper is the construction of a cyclical systemic risk indicator from early warning indicators of banking crises (EWIs) used in Finland. Previous research has shown that combining EWIs can ...