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Viitteet 61-70 / 116
Made in Russia? Assessing Russia’s potential for import substitution
(05.05.2022)
BOFIT Policy Brief 3/2022
BOFIT Policy Brief 3/2022
Russia’s brutal military aggression on Ukraine has led to extensive economic sanctions by Western countries and the withdrawal of many foreign companies from Russian markets. The isolation of Russia from the international ...
Economic effects and political impacts : Assessing Western sanctions on Russia
(09.08.2018)
BOFIT Policy Brief 8/2018
BOFIT Policy Brief 8/2018
This brief assesses the effectiveness of Western sanctions on Russia, and their likely future impact. It examines the unique features of Russia as a sanctions target in the context of global sanctions experience. It then ...
Arktisen alueen taloudellinen merkitys Venäjälle rajallinen
(02.11.2016)
BOFIT Policy Brief 9/2016
BOFIT Policy Brief 9/2016
Venäjän arktisten alueiden merkitys koko maan talouden kannalta rajallinen, mutta siellä on merkittäviä luonnonvaroja ja Venäjällä alueita pidetään tärkeinä kansallisen turvallisuuden näkökulmasta. Venäjän arktisilla ...
Kiinan kiinteistösektorin kriisiytymisen vaikutuksista Kiinan talouteen ja euroalueelle
(08.12.2021)
BOFIT Policy Brief 12/2021
BOFIT Policy Brief 12/2021
Kiinassa kiinteistösektori ja rakentaminen toimivat talouskasvun vetureina viime vuosikymmenellä ja niiden merkitys taloudelle kasvoi poikkeuksellisen suureksi. Kasvu oli kuitenkin erittäin velkavetoista ja etenkin rakentajien ...
Meeting the challenges of impact measurement
(22.06.2017)
BOFIT Policy Brief 7/2017
BOFIT Policy Brief 7/2017
This paper briefly describes the topical challenge of impact measurement of an organisation, and focuses on my own organisation BOFIT. For me this paper has been the final challenge before retirement. The topic is very ...
How important are Russia's external economic links?
(17.02.2022)
BOFIT Policy Brief 2/2022
BOFIT Policy Brief 2/2022
In this note, we review recent data concerning Russia’s economic integration with other countries. We first analyze the general picture of Russia’s economic integration with the rest of the world and the importance of ...
Chasing real developments in Russia’s government budget
(26.08.2020)
BOFIT Policy Brief 10/2020
BOFIT Policy Brief 10/2020
This paper traces the development of real volumes of expenditures and revenues of Russia’s consolidated government budget (combined federal, regional and local budgets, as well as state social funds, but excluding inter-budget ...
Long-term challenges to Russian economic policy
(30.11.2021)
BOFIT Policy Brief 11/2021
BOFIT Policy Brief 11/2021
Russia’s economic growth slowed substantially over the past decade. To improve its long-term growth outlook, Russia must deal with structural problems. While the country has not lacked for ambitious development plans, the ...
CO2 emissions embodied in EU-China trade and carbon border tax
(22.01.2020)
BOFIT Policy Brief 4/2020
BOFIT Policy Brief 4/2020
In this note, we provide a brief description of the CO2 emissions embodied in global trade flows with an emphasis on the EU’s external trade with China. Our analysis suggests that imported emissions account for an increasing ...
Russia’s pension system in the context of world experience and expected trends
(20.12.2018)
BOFIT Policy Brief 10/2018
BOFIT Policy Brief 10/2018
Russia’s level of pension provision lags most OECD countries, as well as faces challenges from rising pension fund deficits and an aging population. On the current course, in the long run Russia can expect decreased budget ...