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Competition and regulation in the Finnish ATM industry
(14.10.2021)
BoF Economics Review 8/2021
BoF Economics Review 8/2021
Declining ATM numbers pose a challenge for competition policy and financial regulatory authorities. In this report we review the Finnish experience of regulating the competition in the ATM industry. To analyze the Finnish ...
Instant payments as a new normal : Case study of liquidity impacts for the Finnish market
(12.10.2021)
BoF Economics Review 7/2021
BoF Economics Review 7/2021
The amount of central bank money, or liquidity, needed to settle payments, depends on the way the settlement is organized. It is largest when payments are settled individually on gross basis and smallest with settlement ...